ABSTRACT
(analítico) La inesperada irrupción del covid-19 tuvo profundas consecuencias para los/las estudiantes universitarios, quienes se vieron forzados/as a desarrollar sus carreras remotamente. Particularmente en Chile, las cohortes de ingreso 2019, 2020 y 2021 conformaron un caso único debido a las diferentes condiciones bajo las cuales se produjo su incorporación. Esta investigación tuvo por fin determinar las diferencias y la relación entre las variables personales y las vivencias académicas en una muestra de 331 estudiantes ad-hoc. Los resultados obtenidos estadísticamente mediante una estrategia asociativa e inferencial permiten concluir que no existen diferencias entre cohortes respecto a su salud mental, salvo en la vivencia con la carrera entre 2020 y 2021. Se presentan sugerencias para su abordaje personal y académico, así como para el desarrollo de estrategias focalizadas en la salud mental universitaria.
(analytical) The unexpected irruption of COVID-19 had profound consequences for university students, who were forced to develop their careers remotely. Particularly in Chile, the 2019, 2020 and 2021 entry cohorts formed a unique case due to the different conditions under which their incorporation took place. This research aimed to determine the differences and the relationship between personal variables and academic experiences in a sample of 331 ad-hoc students. The results obtained statistically through an associative and inferential strategy, allow us to conclude that there are no differences between cohorts with respect to their mental health, except in the experience with the career between 2020 and 2021. Suggestions are presented for their personal and academic approach, as well as for the development of strategies focused on university mental health.
(analítico) A inesperada irrupção do Covid-19 teve consequências profundas para os estudantes universitários, que foram forçados a desenvolver as suas carreiras remotamente. Particularmente no Chile, as coortes de entrada de 2019, 2020 e 2021 foram únicas devido às diferentes condições sob as quais entra-ram. Esta investigação visava determinar as diferenças e a relação entre as variáveis pessoais e as experiências académicas numa amostra de 331 estudantes ad-hoc. Os resultados obtidos estatisticamente através de uma estratégia associativa e inferencial, permitemnos concluir que não existem diferenças entre os coortes no que respeita à sua saúde mental, excepto na experiência com a carreira entre 2020 e 2021. São apresentadas sugestões para abordagens pessoais e académicas, bem como para o desenvolvimento de estratégias centradas na saúde mental universitária.
ABSTRACT
Se discute la importancia de la cultura escolar como elemento principal de intervención educacional a considerar por parte de la psicología educacional, entendida como una disciplina que se desempeña en contextos educativos formales. A partir de una mirada sociocultural de la escuela, de la cultura y de la intervención, se busca sintetizar algunos elementos básicos que se deben tener en cuenta para desarrollar la praxis del/la psicólogo/a en estas materias, dando origen a intervenciones complejas, insertas en un contexto educativo y en relación con todos los actores participantes e integrantes de las propias instituciones, generando así el potencial para desarrollar cambios y transformaciones compartidas entre quienes construyen esta cultura escolar. Los apartados siguientes otorgarán énfasis a tres puntos específicos y tensiones a destacar y trabajar como propuesta: 1) El problema de la cultura escolar y la inclusión del psicólogo educacional; 2) La cultura escolar como objeto de interés a partir de una mirada sociocultural; y su interacción con el curriculum; y 3) La descripción de algunos lineamientos básicos orientadores para la intervención a partir de la cultura escolar, desde la mirada de un psicólogo educacional centrado en un paradigma cultural.
The following article discusses the relative importance of school culture as the main element of educational intervention to be considered by the educational psychology, understood in this context as a discipline plays in formal educational settings. From a sociocultural school look, culture and intervention, it seeks to synthesize some basic elements that must be taken into account in developing the practice of psychologists in these areas, giving rise to complex, embedded interventions in a context education and in relation to all participating actors and members of the institutions, thus creating the potential to develop shared changes and transformations between those who build this school culture. The following sections granted emphasize three specific points and tensions highlight and work as proposed: 1) The problem of school culture and the inclusion of educational psychologist; 2) School culture as an object of interest from a sociocultural look; and their interaction with the curriculum; and 3) a description of some basic guidelines for intervention counselors from the school culture, from the perspective of an educational psychologist focused on a cultural paradigm.